Lyme disease is one of the most common tick-borne illnesses in Europe — and many cases happen close to home, not on far-flung trips. Whether you're hiking, gardening or walking the dog through long grass, a few simple habits can dramatically reduce your risk.
What is Lyme disease?
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through the bite of infected ticks — most commonly Ixodes ricinus in Europe. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), an estimated 65,000 cases are reported across Europe each year, with the true number likely much higher.
Key facts every traveller and outdoor enthusiast should know
- Not every tick carries Lyme. Infection rates vary by region, but in some parts of Central Europe up to 20% of ticks may be infected.
- Ticks are active most of the year. Peak season is spring to autumn, but mild winters mean ticks can be active whenever temperatures stay above ~7 °C.
- Ticks don't fall from trees. They wait on grass blades, ferns and low shrubs and climb onto a passing host — usually attaching at ankles or behind the knees first.
- A bite is often painless. Tick saliva contains a mild anaesthetic, so you may not notice the bite at all.
- Early removal matters. Transmission risk increases significantly after a tick has been attached for 24 hours.
The classic "bull's-eye" rash — and why you shouldn't rely on it
The hallmark early symptom of Lyme disease is erythema migrans — a circular, expanding red rash that often (but not always) has a clearer centre. It typically appears 3–30 days after the bite.
But here's the catch: up to 30% of people with Lyme disease never develop the rash. Other early symptoms include flu-like fatigue, headache, fever, muscle and joint aches. Left untreated, Lyme can progress to neurological problems, joint inflammation and heart issues months or years later.
How to avoid tick bites
- Use an effective repellent. Apply repellent to exposed skin and the lower legs, ankles and waistband area where ticks typically climb on.
- Cover up in tick habitat. Long trousers tucked into socks, long sleeves, and light-coloured clothing (so ticks are easier to spot) make a real difference in woodland and tall grass.
- Stick to paths. Avoid brushing against vegetation where possible — ticks wait on grass tips and low branches.
- Check yourself after every outing. Pay attention to warm, hidden areas: behind the knees, groin, armpits, around the waist, neck and hairline. Check children and pets too.
- Shower within two hours of coming indoors. Studies show this reduces Lyme risk, partly by washing off unattached ticks.
- Tumble-dry clothing on high heat for 10 minutes. This kills any ticks hitching a ride.
If you find a tick — remove it correctly
- Use fine-tipped tweezers or a dedicated tick remover.
- Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible.
- Pull straight upwards with steady, even pressure — don't twist or jerk.
- Clean the area with antiseptic and wash your hands.
- Do not use Vaseline, alcohol, a hot match or essential oils to "smother" or burn it off — this can cause the tick to regurgitate into the wound and increase infection risk.
When to see a doctor
See a healthcare professional if you develop a spreading rash, flu-like symptoms in the days or weeks after a tick bite, or if the tick was attached for more than 24 hours. Early antibiotic treatment is highly effective. Take a photo of any rash and note when and where the bite occurred — this helps your doctor make the right diagnosis.
Natural protection that actually works
At incognito® we believe effective protection shouldn't mean harsh chemicals. Our DEET-free repellent uses clinically proven plant-based actives and is recommended for use against ticks as well as mosquitoes. Combined with sensible clothing and post-walk checks, it gives you confidence in any green space — from a city park to the deepest forest.
FAQs
Can I catch Lyme disease from a pet?
No — Lyme isn't transmitted person-to-person or pet-to-person. But pets can carry infected ticks into the home, so check them after walks.
Is there a vaccine for Lyme disease?
There is currently no licensed human vaccine available in Europe, though clinical trials are ongoing.
How quickly do I need to remove a tick?
As soon as you find it. The longer it stays attached, the higher the transmission risk — especially after 24 hours.
Are children at higher risk?
Children are often at higher risk simply because they spend more time playing in grass and woodland. Daily checks during tick season are a must.